79: Prolonged Arrests and the Denmark Experience

This month Zack gives a few pearls from the recent Reanimate courses and annual ELSO meeting in Boston before he interviews Gowry Mork from Aarhus University about her fantastic recent paper.

  • Pearl #1 is about hand placement in cannulation.  Hold the ultrasound in your left an
    d needle in right.  Once in the vessel, drop the US probe and take your left hand and gently hold the needle. With your right hand grab the wire far enough up to be to insert into the vessel in one push.
  • Gowry’s paper has many interesting points.  Probably the biggest is the reasonable survivorship for prolonger arrests.  This is tied to equality of care for patient who live far from the closest ECMO center.

 

 

Gowry’s paper – 

Mørk SR, Bøtker MT, Christensen S, Tang M, Terkelsen CJ. Survival and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with and without mechanical circulatory support. Resusc Plus. 2022 Apr 6;10:100230. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100230. PMID: 35434669; PMCID: PMC9010695.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9010695/

Gowry’s Twitter

@MSivagowry –  https://mobile.twitter.com/msivagowry

78: ECMO in South Africa

This month we are honored to have Neville Vlok on the show.  Neville has been one of the key physicians pushing for ECPR in South Africa.  In this episode, we explore what medicine and resuscitation looks like in South Africa, how ECMO has been utilized, and whether ECMO even makes sense in developing countries.

 

Vlok N, Hedding KA, Van Dyk MA. Saved by the pump: Two successful resuscitations utilising emergency department-initiated extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2021 Mar 2;111(3):208-210. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2021.v111i3.15366. PMID: 33944740.

73:The Hyperinvasive Trial with Jan Belohlavek

Wait…ECPR works?

To the believers, this has been a foregone conclusion.  To the rest of the world, the question of whether ECPR improves cardiac arrest survivorship has been in question. Jan Belohlavek and his Prague colleagues just presented their 8 year data showing better outcomes in cardiac arrest patients that got a grouped therapy of early transport, prehospital targeted temperature management, mechanical chest compressions, and ECMO over those who got a traditional resuscitation.  This study is key and contrasts to the Oslo study that we reviewed just a few months earlier.  Jan speaks with Zack about the details of the results and what were the keys to their success.

 

 

Hyperinvasive trial study proposal – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3492121/

Jan’s slides on Hyperinvasive Results

51 – Proximal Balloon Occlusion for Cardiac Arrest

#tbs19 The Big Sick—-  You’ve heard of ECMO for cardiac arrest- utilizing a mechanical pump to aid in perfusion of the coronaries.  What if you can’t do ECMO?  What if your resources are such that simply can’t lug a 10 kilogram machine out into the field?  Well, Jostein Brede may have something for you to consider.  He and several other places worldwide are on the forefront of using a REBOA catheter to occlude the proximal aorta during chest compressions in hopes that coronary perfusion pressure increases.  This would subsequently improve chance of return of spontaneous circulation and overall survivorship.  Maybe this is the band-aid that can be used in austere environments like rural Norway where the temperatures are extreme, the people are sparse, but the physicians are motivated.  12

1.
Daley J, Morrison JJ, Sather J, Hile L. The role of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) as an adjunct to ACLS in non-traumatic cardiac arrest. T. 2017;35(5):731-736. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.01.010
2.
Aslanger E, Golcuk E, Oflaz H, et al. Intraaortic balloon occlusion during refractory cardiac arrest. A case report. R. 2009;80(2):281-283. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.10.017

EDECMO 41 – The 3 Stages of ECPR – Diane’s Story

[The original EDECMO 41 post had to be taken down…for reasons beyond our control! But here is the new and improved Episode 41]

In this episode Zack and Joe discuss the 3-stages of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) – or put another way, this is how to start Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) in the Emergency Department (ED). It’s been 4 years since we talked about these basic premises of ECPR. But this time, its highlighted in a very special story.

The Three Stages of ECPR:

  1. Placement of any commercially available catheters into the femoral artery and femoral vein.
    • Ultrasound-guided percutaneous access is our preference, but cutdown is also considered.  This is done in every patient, every time, and is done in parallel to ongoing ACLS. Transduce the arterial line to guide resuscitation and use the venous line for resuscitation purposes.
  2. Transition to ECMO cannulas
    • Using guidewires (we prefer the Amplatz Super Stiff 145 cm .038″ teflon coated floppy tip wires), remove the catheters placed in Stage 1, perform serial dilation, and place ECMO cannulas
  3. Initiate the ECMO pump
    • Perform ‘underwater seal’ using crystalloid, which closes the circuit.  The circuit is de-aired and the pump is started.  Increase the RPM to 1500 and remove the clamps.  Inspect the circuit and troubleshoot any issues.

3 stages. 3 steps.

You can find a whole lot more on our ECPR 3 stages page.

EVEN BETTER! If you are interested in learning all about ED ECMO, with hands-on simulators, Wold-renowned ECMO educators, REBOA, ECPR, computer simulation, check out the REANIMATE conference site or go directly to the REANIMATE registration page!!

 

Diane’s Story:

November 30, 2017: Diane suffered ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest and collapsed…just outside the ED doors.  CPR was started immediately by an ED nurse. After 32 minutes of failed Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), with human and mechanical chest compressions, she remained in refractory VF.

Our Emergency Physician-initiated ECMO (ED-ECMO) protocol was initiated using the ‘3 stages of ECMO.’   Diane was ‘on pump’ in 32 minutes, taken to the cath lab, and had her 95% LAD lesion stented by Interventional Cardiologist Arvin Narula.

Diane went home with her family and friends on December 13, 2017.  Listen to the episode to hear the details…

Diane’s Widowmaker

 

 

Dr. Narula, Interventional Cardiology

Joe and Diane

Diane with Casey Gwynn and sister Joanne

Dr. Eads and Diane

Zack Shinar, Diane, and Jessica

Bellezzo And Diane

2016 ECMO CPT Codes, RVUs, and MediCare Reimbursement

Ok, so we just crashed an arrested patient onto ECMO and he is going to the cath lab. Now, how do I document the procedure again?  What was the CPT for percutanous cannulation for VA-ECMO?  Does my billing company even know?

Bookmark this page for future quick reference of the current CPT codes, RVU values and MediCare reimbursements.

The Death of Mechanical CPR (mCPR)? Hell No!

Bellezzo was a guest on R.E.B.E.L. EM’s podcast episode 34.

Our friends, Salim Rezaie and Anand Swaminathan, do a bangup job of reviewing this recent article, published in December 2016, that suggests that mechanical CPR (mCPR) may be more harmful than manual chest compressions:

  1. Buckler DG et al. Association of Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Device Use With Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Population-Based Study Using the CARES Registry (Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival). Circulation 2016; 134: 2131 – 2133. PMID: 2799402

Bellezzo showed up to kick the article in the nuts.

Check out the REBEL EM blog and podcast:

http://rebelem.com/episode-34-death-mechanical-cpr-mcpr/

EDECMO 32 – Archimedes Screw: Is Impella the Future of Mechanical Circulatory Support?

In this episode we change direction a bit and explore two very different applications of the Impella® device – a percutaneously-placed temporary ventricular assist device (VAD) sold by Abiomed (no financial disclosures). These VADs work by the use of a micro-axillary pump which is typically placed by interventional cardiologists under fluoroscopy. The inlet of the pump is placed in the ventrical while the outlet rests just above the aortic valve.

 

Guests on this show:

portrait-holst-jenelle-ann

Jenelle Badulak MD Critical Care Fellow University of Washington

vase

Dr. Henrik Vase Interventional Cardiologist Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark